The first three years of life are particularly important for healthy development due to the fast rate of neurological growth that occurs during this period.  The Marmot review in 2010 Fair Society, Healthy Lives demonstrated the importance of investing in the early years to improve health outcomes throughout the lifecourse and reduce health inequalities. A mentally healthy child is one with a clear sense of identity and self-worth, the ability to recognise and manage emotions, to learn to play, enjoy friendships and relationships, and deal with difficulties.  A wide range of interrelated factors play a role, such as individual, family, wider society and environmental issues.

Coordinated interagency action at national and local level is required to improve the health of children and young people and its determinants. Working with children and families is essential to build on assets and address needs.